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43 Speech Structures: The Ultimate Guide

[Easy Step-By-Step Templates]

You are reading the most comprehensive guide to speech structure on the planet.

 

This guide is loaded with simple, easy, step-by-step speech structures.

 

The best part?

 

These are all proven structures, guaranteed to help your speech succeed.

Simply put:

If you want to master speech structure, you'll love this guide.

Let's dive right into it.

About the Author

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Peter Andrei

Table of Contents

Here's why you should trust me:

 

  • I've coached hundreds of competitive public speakers.

  • I've earned 27 awards as a competitive public speaker.

  • I've won national speech competitions.

  • I was the Massachusetts Speech and Debate League State Champion.

  • I was awarded a seal of special distinction from the Massachusetts Speech and Debate League.

 

You are in good hands.

 

But enough about me. Time to teach you exactly how to master speech structure.

 

Chapter 1: The 13 Basics of Speech Structure > Start Reading

 

  • The Crucial Truth About Speech Structure

  • Why Speech Structure is So Important

  • Simplicity

  • Novelty

  • Simplicity versus Novelty

  • Cognitive Load

  • Engineered Persuasion

  • Tangents and Parantheticals

  • Transitions

  • Similarity of Structure

  • Openings

  • Body

  • Closings

 

Chapter 2: 18 Proven Persuasive Structures For Instant Influence > Start Reading

 

  • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

  • Objection Prediction

  • Path-Contrast

  • Past-Present-Means

  • Problem-Solution

  • Diagnose-Problem-Solution

  • Criteria Matching

  • Criteria Matching and Dematching

  • 6-Point-Punch

  • Economic Values Structure

  • Short-Form Rhetorical 3-Point-Punch

  • Long-Form Rhetorical 3-Point-Punch

  • Gain-Logic-Fear Trifecta

  • Tension-Desire-Action Trifecta

  • Persuasion Stack

  • Last Method

  • Past-Present-Future Solution

  • Desire-Dissonance-Decision Trifecta

 

Chapter 3: 16 Insanely Captivating Informational Speech Structures > Start Reading

 

  • Informational Motivated Sequence

  • Demonstrative   

  • Chronological   

  • Montage

  • Detached list Structure

  • Attached list structure

  • Narrative Structure

  • Information Stack

  • Big-Answer

  • Back-and-Forth

  • Stream of Consciousness

  • Informational 3-Point-Punch

  • Cause/effect

  • Presentation Escalation Alignment

  • Straight-Line

  • Reverse-Line

 

Chapter 4: 8 Inspirational Structures Guaranteed to Motivate Audiences > Start Reading

 

  • Present-Future

  • Want-Got

  • Drama structure

  • Visionary Structure

  • Long-Form Anaphora Structure

  • Quote Presentation

  • Long-Form Narrative

  • Inspirational 3-Point-Punch

 

Chapter 5: 5 Advanced Speech-Structure Techniques (That Most Pros Don't Know) > Start Reading

 

  • Don't Bury the Lead (Or Do Bury It...)

  • Versatility

  • Combining

  • Lengthening and Shortening

  • Separation of Concerns

  • Secret Bonus Structure: Fear Quadrant Structure

 

Chapter 6: My Gifts to You! (Free Exclusive Bonuses)

 

 

01. The Crucial Truth About Speech Structure

 

It’s simple:

 

Information is great. But if it’s thrown at you in a random, disorganized sequence…

 

...it becomes useless.

 

And you don’t want to be useless when you are giving a public speech.

 

Enter the solution:

 

Speech structure.

 

Here’s the crucial truth about speech structure:

 

A brilliant speaker, speaking brilliant words, with brilliant vocal modulation and brilliant body language, will fail if the speech has no structure. Sad.

 

A less experienced speaker, who is good but not great, will EASILY exceed the brilliant speaker if he has one thing:

 

Speech structure.

 

And sadly, most articles on this subject will give you 3 structures (that don’t even apply to your situation), or variations of the “three-point-punch” structure.

 

But there’s more to it than that. And I’ll teach you everything.

 

02. Why Speech Structure is So Important

 

Speech Structure is so important because it organizes your information.

 

Consider this:

 

The same information placed in a different order can become less powerful or more powerful. 

 

In other words:

 

The information doesn’t change, but the sequence of the information does. It becomes structured, organized, and powerful. 

 

Why do you want this?

 

Because it makes your audience LOVE listening to you. Because it makes people remember what you said. Because it helps you give a speech with more confidence. Because it helps you influence, motivate, persuade, or inform your audience.

 

Alright. Enough preamble. Here are some crucial basics you need to remember, and then we’ll get right into it.

 

03. Simplicity

 

If you can say the same information in fewer words, do it.

 

If you can use more simple, direct, and short words and sentences, do it.

 

If you can structure your speech in a more simple way, do it.

 

04. Novelty

 

People crave new information. You MUST give a rapid-fire barrage of information to your audience.

 

Move from point to point quickly.

 

This will keep them engaged and project your high value (as someone who has a lot of information and gives it quickly). 

 

05. Simplicity and Novelty

 

Yes, they work together. You can provide rapid pieces of new information in a simple way. 

 

06. Cognitive Load

 

Too much information = high cognitive load = loss of attention.

 

It’s that simple.

 

Don't overload your audience and increase their cognitive loads.

 

Don’t try to pack too much information in one speech.

 

07. Engineered Persuasion

 

The best persuasive speech structures are persuasive not only by content, but by structure too.

 

2 common methods of engineered persuasion (that are baked into the structure of the speech) are contrast and aspirational persuasion.

 

In fact, contrast persuasion and aspirational persuasion often work together.

 

We'll talk a lot more about how later on. It's incredibly powerful.

 

For now, I'll just define the words (as they relate to speech structure):

 

  • Contrast persuasion: speech structures that use strategic contrasts between situations, solutions, or paths. These contrasts are incredibly persuasive.

  • Aspirational persuasion: speech structures that appeal to the aspirations of the audience. These aspirations drive people to action.

 

I can't wait to show you speech structures that use both contrast and aspirational persuasion.

 

You'll never look at speech structure the same way.

 

08. Tangents or Parantheticals

 

A common mistake.

 

Here's why these should be limited:

 

  • They diminish the clarity of your message.

  • They blur an otherwise clear, compelling, commanding speech structure.

  • They make you seem confused and make your audience be confused.

 

One layer of tangents or parentheticals is okay. Two is not. Move in a logical, straight line from beginning to end.

 

More on this later.

 

09. Transitions

 

You must use transitions to smooth the changes between parts of your speech. You must use transitions to provide context.

 

Why are transitions so powerful?

 

Because they tell your audience information about the upcoming information.

 

For example:

 

If you say "On the contrary," it primes your audience to look for the differences between what you just said and what you're about to say.

 

And that keeps them intellectually engaged with your speech.

 

10. Similarity of Structure

 

All structures have three elements in common:

 

  • The opening.

  • The body.

  • The conclusion.

 

The body usually takes up 80% of the allotted time...

 

...and also does 80% of the informing, persuading, inspiring, or entertaining...

 

...so that's what we'll focus on today.

 

11. Openings

 

Here's what openings have to accomplish:

 

  • Get attention in a way that is relevant to your message.

  • Act as a gateway into your content.

  • Set the expectations for the rest of your speech. 

  • Immediately show the audience benefits of listening.

 

12. Speech Body

 

This is where the magic happens.

 

Here's speech structure defined in one sentence:

 

Changing the order of information in a speech to achieve desired effects on the audience.

 

And here's a secret:

 

Almost all of that happens in the speech body.

 

In other words:

 

Starting and closing speeches are completely different topics than structuring a speech.

 

Structuring a speech has to do with the body of the speech. Opening a speech and closing a speech have to do with supporting the structure.

 

13. Speech Closings

 

Closings must include a call to action.

 

After you've given your speech, if you've done it well...

 

...your audiene will be thinking:

 

  • "What do I do now?"

  • "How can I help?"

  • "What's the next step?

 

And if you don't answer them, the entire speech is useless.

 

You might as well have not given it.

 

Why?

 

Because no real-world impact will happen.

 

So please remember this:

 

When you finish your speech, include a call to action.

 

Alright! That's it for the basics. Time to learn 15 persuasive speech structures in Chapter 2:

 

Chapter 1: The 13 Basics of Speech Structure

Even professional public speakers get these wrong. Chances are you might too.

 

It gets worse:

 

No matter how compelling your speech structure...

...if the basics aren't there, it's all useless.

But don't worry:

In this chapter, you'll learn the 13 most important basics of speech structure.

Let's get started!

Chapter 2: 18 Proven Persuasive Structures For Instant Influence

This chapter will teach you exactly how to persuade your audience with speech structure.

 

You'll learn guaranteed, proven, and  step-by-step persuasive structures.

 

For example: the "objection-prediction model."

 

I promise that these persuasive speech structures will INSTANTLY make:

 

  • Writing a persuasive speech easy.

  • Persuading an audience easy.

  • Delivering a speech easy.

 

Are you ready? Let's dive right into it!

 

 

01. Monroe's Motivated Sequence

 

What it is: A proven persuasive process that has worked since the 1930s. 5 simple steps to persuading your audience.

 

Why it works: It forms a “yes-ladder” of positive persuasive momentum. It focuses on the problem before the proposed solution, so the solution makes more sense. It empowers the audience by focusing on personal action.

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade, motivate, or influence an audience. When you want to make a sales pitch. When you want to use a gentle, proven method of persuasion.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Attention: “Hey! Listen to me, you have a PROBLEM!”

  2. Need: “Let me EXPLAIN the problem.”

  3. Satisfaction: “But, I have a SOLUTION!”

  4. Visualization: “If we IMPLEMENT my solution, this is what will happen. Or, if we don't implement my solution, this is what will happen.”

  5. Action: “You can help me in this specific way. Will you help me?”

 

This is one of my favorites.

 

Here’s why:

 

It’s been studied, stress-tested, and proven to work.

 

Additionally:

 

It emphasizes three things: the problem, the solution, and the audience action.

 

Here’s why this is insanely powerful:

 

It makes your audience feel like they have power over the situation…

 

...like their personal actions can influence the outcomes.

 

...let’s say…

 

...buying a $20,000 product…

 

...nobody will do it.

 

Unless, perhaps, you use this next persuasive speech structure:

 

02. Objection Prediction Model  

 

What it is: Predicting the reasons your audience might object to your offer. Then, structuring your speech around relieving those objections.

 

Why it works: It removes all the reasons your audience wouldn’t accept your call to action. It clears the most common barriers to sale. It leaves your audience no logical reason to say no.

 

When to use it: When you have to persuade an audience. When you have to make a sales pitch. When you predict opposition to your proposal.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Discovery Phase: Discover the most common, probable objections to your proposal.

  2. Invalidation Phase: Invalidate the objections.

  3. Construction Phase: Construct your speech around the reasons why those objections are invalid.

  4. Presentation Phase: Present a speech constructed around invalidating the objections you've discovered.

 

I love how it all comes together at the end.

 

This one is so cool. Why? Because it gets rid of all the reasons your audience won’t do what you want.

 

Let me explain:

 

When you are persuading someone, you will be met with persuasion resistance.

 

“Really…?” you ask, forlorn and dismayed. Yes. Almost always.

 

Persuasion resistance often takes the form of specific objections to your offer, idea, or proposal.

 

Here are some common examples:

 

  • I don’t want to give anything up for it. (Loss Aversion: It costs too much. Spending feels like a loss).

  • I don’t believe it can work.

  • I don’t think it can work for me.

  • I can wait.

  • I think it’s too difficult.

  • I don’t understand it.

  • I don’t understand why I need it. 

  • I don’t believe it will do what is promised.

  • I don’t know if it fits into my life.

  • I don’t trust the speaker.

 

And with this speech structure, you quickly remove all the audience objections.

 

Here's some bonus guidelines:

 

  1. Counter each objection at the exact moment your audience might be thinking it.

  2. Counter the right objections: don’t counter objections that people don’t have. If you are a trustworthy authority, then trusting you isn’t a common objection. In this case, don’t talk about your credentials over and over. You would be countering an objection that doesn’t exist.

  3. DO NOT SAY THE OBJECTIONS. Only say your counters. Don’t say “Now you might be thinking it costs too much… but it’s $3,000 less than our competitors.” Instead, just say “It’s $3,000 less than our competitors.” Why? Saying the objection puts it in their heads if they weren’t thinking about it.

 

This structure is 4 steps. What do they do? They remove all barriers your audience has to accepting your offer. Easy, simple, straightforward, right?

 

Definitely. But not as easy as this next structure:

 

03. Path-Contrast

 

What it is: Structuring your speech by contrasting 2 different possible paths. Contrasting a “good” proposed path, and a “bad” alternative.

 

Why it works: It frames the contrast between the 2 paths allows you to control the narrative. It uses contrast persuasion, one of the most effective persuasive methods. It lets you make your proposed path seem like the obvious choice.

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade, motivate, or inspire your audience to take one path instead of another. When there is uncertainty about how to proceed. When the future is unclear and you want to lead they way.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Good Path: "Here's the good path we should take."

  2. Good Outcome: "Here are the good things that will happen if we do."

  3. Alternative Path: "Or, here's a bad alternative path we could take."

  4. Alternative Outcome: "And here are the bad oucomes that will happen if we do."

  5. Back-and-Forth: Jump back and forth between describing the good path and the alternative path.

 

Let me tell you a secret:

 

Persuasion is more powerful when it has contrast. (I call it “contrast persuasion”).

 

In other words:

 

If you want people to take a path, don’t only talk about the benefits of that path. Contrast the “good” path with an alternative “bad” path.

 

So instead of saying: “Imagine our lives when we take [good path]. We will [insert benefit 1], [insert benefit 2], and [insert benefit 3].”

 

You must also say: 

 

“Imagine our lives when we take [bad path]. We will [insert consequence 1], [insert consequence 2], and [insert consequence 3].”

 

And then jump back and forth between them. Hit the contrast button over and over again. Make it a glaring, obvious, clear answer that they should take the good path.

 

How? By contrasting it with a bad one.

 

Why is this such a powerful strategy? 

 

  • The contrast between the “good” and “bad” outcome is more persuasive than either of them alone.

  • Presenting a “good” option that you want, and a “bad” alternative, makes doing what you want the obvious action.

  • Making it seem like a contrast between two options allows you to control the narrative.

 

Another persuasive speech structure that uses contrast persuasion is up next:

 

04. Past, Present, Means  

 

What it is: Presenting the problems of your difficult past, shifting to the easy, successful present, and explaining how you made the transition. 

 

Why it works: It builds audience relatability by resonating emotionally. It shows the contrast between having unsolved problems and solved problems. It makes the “how” extremely desirable.

 

When to use it: When you want to influence or persuade your audience to do something (whatever your “how” is). When your proposed action worked personally for you in your life. When your life before taking the proposed action matches the lives of your audience now.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Past: “Here’s how my life was difficult in the past. Here were my unsolved problems. I was suffering in the ways you are suffering.”

  2. Present: “Here’s how my life is successful now. Here’s what it’s like to have the problems solved. Here’s how I’m no longer suffering, and life is easy.”

  3. Means: “Here’s the exact solution I personally used to get from the difficult past to the successful present.”

 

This speech structure is so damn powerful.

 

The entire time you’re in the past and present stages…

 

...your audience is going crazy…

 

...wondering: 

 

“How did you do it? How did you solve the problem? Help me! Can you PLEASE show me the solution? I need this in my life! I want to do what you did!”

 

And then BAM:

 

You hit them with that solution. 

 

And at this point:

 

There’s almost nothing that can stop them from taking it. (Whether it’s something they buy, or something they simply do).

 

The curiosity, suspense, and intrigue built up during the 2 phases of your personal story (past and present) are too strong.

 

Here are the crucial principles:

 

  • Humility: yes, you solved the problem they are struggling with. Yes, you still have to be humble about it.

  • Honesty: don’t you dare make your past and present seem like ANYTHING other than what they are.

  • Relatability: is your past really similar to the current lives of your audience members?

  • Emotional resonance: can you accurately depict the emotions you felt during the difficult past? Can you convey them to your audience?

 

And some important guidelines:

 

  • Don’t present the solution until step 3: don’t let step 2 and 3 blend.

  • In step 2, only explain the relief from the problem. Don’t explain how it happened. This builds curiosity and suspense.

  • Show vulnerability in step 1: be open, honest, and willing to expose parts of your past.

  • In step 3, describe the solution at length. Emphasize how it worked for you. Imply that if it worked for you, it can work for them.

 

05. Problem-Solution   

 

What it is: Presenting a clear problem your audience has, and then presenting a solution to that problem.

 

Why it works: It ensures that your audience understands why your solution matters. It educates your audience and provides value. It points out a problem which your audience might not have known about.

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade your audience to solve a problem. When they might not be aware of the problem, or how serious it is. When you are selling a solution.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Problem presentation: "Here's a problem you didn't know you had."

  2. Problem consequences: "Here's why this problem is worse than you think."

  3. Solution presentation: "But there's a solution."

  4. Solution outcome: "Here's what it will feel like when you solve the problem."

 

This persuasive speech structure is so simple.

 

But so powerful.

 

Here's why:

 

Most people make the mistake of only talking about their solution.

 

Which is bad, because a solution only makes sense in the context of a problem.

 

In other words:

 

Why do so many people talk about their solutions without first explaining the problem it solves?

 

Because they haven't read this article. But you have. :)

 

Time for number 6: a structure very similer to this one. Here it is:

 

06. Diagnose-Problem-Solution

 

What it is: Diagnosing a problem which people know they have but don’t understand, then providing a solution.

 

Why it works: It implies you know how to solve the problem you diagnosed. It uses contrast persuasion (problem versus solution). It gives you authority as the “diagnoser.” 

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade your audience to solve a problem. When they are aware of the problem, but don’t understand it. When you know why a problem exists, but your audience doesn't.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Diagnose: "You already know you have this problem. But here's exactly WHY you have this problem. Here's what causes it."

  2. Problem: "Here's why this problem is worse than you think."

  3. Solution: "Now that I've diagnosed this problem, let me tell you how to solve it."

 

If you're wondering how this is different from the Problem-Solution structure:

 

  • The problems-solution structure is for audiences who aren't aware of a problem.

  • The diagnose-problem-solution structure is for audiences who are aware of a problem, but not why it exists.

 

Why diagnose the problem at all?

 

Here's why:

 

It builds trust and authority.

 

The audience thinks that the person who understands WHY a problem exists...

 

...is the one best equipped to fix it.

 

And the person who is best equipped to fix a problem...

 

...is probably the best person to buy a solution from. Get it?

 

07. Criteria Matching

 

What it is: Presenting the criteria which define the best option, and then proving that your proposal meets them.

 

Why it works: It focuses on establishing agreement first. It builds speaker to audience rapport. It builds a 2-step "yes-ladder" by first agreeing on criteria and then presenting an option.

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade your audience to choose your option out of many options. When there are agreed-upon criteria for judging what makes a type of thing the best. When you know why a problem exists, but your audience doesn't.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Criteria establishment: "Here's what makes this type of thing good. Can we agree on that?"

  2. Checklist establishment: "Based on the criteria of what makes this type of thing good, we can build this simple checklist. All agree so far?"

  3. Checklist application: "As you can see, my proposed option fills the checklist."

  4. Criteria satisfaction: "Thus, my proposed option satisfies the criteria, and so it's the best."

 

Like many of these persuasive speech structures, this one is a yes-ladder.

 

Here's what that means:

 

Instead of getting right into the hard-sell, it slowly builds up to it.

 

Along the way, it gets a series of "yes" responses.

 

  • "Yes, those are definitely the criteria I'm looking to fill."

  • "Yes, that checklist seems reasonable."

  • "Yes, I guess your option does fill the checklist."

  • "Yes, that means your option fills the criteria."

  • "Yes, that means your option is the best."

  • "Yes, since it is the best, I should buy it."

 

Due to the principle of persuasive consistency (people want to be consistent with their previous actions), here's what happens:

 

With every additional "yes," the chances of hearing a "no," decrease. In other words, you gain "yes-momentum."

 

Compare that to jumping straight to it:

 

  • "No, I don't think your option is the best. What are the criteria you're using to judge that? I bet you have none."

  • "No, since it's not the best, I won't take it. Go away. Shoe fly."

 

Now I love this next one, number 8. Why? It's like a slightly more aggressive version of nthe Criteria Matching structure.

 

Here it is:

 

08. Criteria Matching & Dematching

 

What it is: Presenting the criteria which define the best option. Proving that all other options don't meet them (criteria dematching). Proving that your option does (criteria matching).

 

Why it works: It has all the benefits of criteria matching. It adds another persuasive layer: it turns "mine is good," to "mine is good, the others aren't." It makes your audience think twice about considering another option.

 

When to use it: When Criteria Matching fits. When there are multiple options in fierce competition. When you aren't concerned about discrediting an opponent.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Criteria establishment: "Here's what makes this type of thing good. Can we agree on that?"

  2. Checklist establishment: "Based on the criteria of what makes this type of thing good, we can build this simple checklist. All agree so far?"

  3. Negative checklist application: "As you can see, the other options clearly don't fit the checklist."

  4. Criteria dissatisfaction: "Thus, the other options aren't the best."

  5. Positive checklist application: "As you can see, my option does fit the checklist."

  6. Criteria satisfaction: "Thus, it is the best."

 

Fun stuff.

 

But enough about criteria, checklists, and all that.

 

Time for some sales:

 

09. The 6-Point-Punch

 

What it is: A quick, assertive, hard-sell approach for fast sales pitches.

 

Why it works: It is designed to pack the most persuasion into the smallest amount of time. It is designed to convince people as quickly as possible. It is brief, but psychologically persuasive.

 

When to use it: When you don't have a lot of time. When you aren't trying to pitch a big commitment. When you are trying to persuade an audience to buy (instead of another action).

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Unique Value Proposition & Headline Statement: "Here's why this product offers unique value to you. Here's why you should pay attention."

  2. Supporting Statement: "Normally, this type of product causes [insert pain point or inconvenience]. But this model offers [repeat unique value] without [insert pain point or inconvenience]."

  3. Physical Description: "Here's what it looks like. Here's what it feels like."

  4. Benefit Statements: "It will [insert benefit 1], [insert benefit 2], [insert benefit 3]."

  5. Call-to-Action: "Do this to get it."

  6. Trust Indicators / Social Proof: "These people bought it too, and here's what they have to say about it."

 

Humans have a central processing route and a peripheral processing route.

 

Here they are:

 

  • Peripheral route: mental processes dictating impulsive, emotional decisions.

  • Central route: mental processes dictating big commitments. Careful, slow, and logical.

 

The 6-point-punch targets the peripheral route.

 

This next structure is for selling people on big commitments. It targets the central route:

 

10. Economic Values Structure

 

What it is: presenting a product, and then showing how it satisfies the 9 economic values.

 

Why it works: It is designed to give potential customers as much information as possible. It is designed to convince people to make big commitments. It is designed to make your audience trust you.

 

When to use it: When you are selling a complex, expensive product. When you are trying to get people to make a big financial commitment. When you are selling via the central processing route.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Product presentation: "Here's what it is, what it does, and how it does it."

  2. Efficacy: "Here's how well it does what it's supposed to do.

  3. Speed: "Here's how quickly you'll get results."

  4. Reliability: "Here's how reliable it is."

  5. Ease of Use: "Here's how easy it is to use."

  6. Flexibility: "Here's how many things it can do."

  7. Status: "Here's how it will make others see you."

  8. Aesthetic Appeal: "Here's how aesthetically pleasing it is."

  9. Emotion: "Here's how it makes you feel."

  10. Cost: "Here's how much it costs."

 

This speech structure is perfect for selling big, expensive things.

 

Why?

 

  • Because it builds trust.

  • Because it is education-based selling (teaching about a product rather than trying to sell it).

  • Because it speaks in terms of the economic values people use to evaluate products.

 

And if you're thinking...

 

..."it seems a little too long"...

 

...guess what?

 

  • You can leave out certain economic values.

  • You can reorder them to put the important ones first.

 

Alright. Enough selling! Time for ordinary persuasion.

 

This next one is the oldest, most time-tested structure in this guide:

 

11. Short-Form Rhetorical 3-Point-Punch

   

What it is: Structuring a speech by making one claim, and supporting that claim with an emotional subpoint, an evidence-driven subpoint, and a logical subpoint.

 

Why it works: Because it uses the 3 proven rhetorical methods. Because it is memorable. Because it is flexible.

 

When to use it: When you want to give a brief persuasive speech. When you want to change someone's point-of-view. When you are persuading, but not selling.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Main claim: "X should Y because [emotional reason], [logical reason], and [evidence-driven reason].

  2. Emotional reason: "X should Y because it hurts people."

  3. Logical reason: "X should Y because it is inherently self-contradictory."

  4. Evidence-driven reason: "X should Y because 9/10 doctors say so."

 

Let me explain why this is so awesome:

 

Centuries ago, Aristotle boiled down all of persuasion to 3 things:

 

  1. Emotion (Pathos)

  2. Logic (Logos)

  3. Evidence (Ethos)

 

And now you're using each of them to support a main claim.

 

If you have to give a brief persuasive speech, just answer these questions:

 

  • What do I want to persuade people of?

  • What's an emotional reason they should agree with me?

  • What's a logical reason they should agree with me?

  • What's the evidence that should make them agree with me?

 

And once you do that, you have your brief persuasive speech!

 

But let's say you want to give a longer persuasive speech using these principles. For that, we have this next structure:

 

12. Long Form Rhetorical 3-Point-Punch

 

What it is: Structuring a speech by making one claim, and supporting that claim with 3 sub-points, each of which have ethos, pathos, and logos within them.

 

Why it works: It extends the short-form rhetorical 3-point-punch. It is more substantial. It uses 3 times as much emotion, 3 times as much logic, and 3 times as much evidence as the short-form version.

 

When to use it: When you want to give a longer persuasive speech. When you want to change someone's point-of-view, but they are particularly entrenched. When you need extra persuasive power.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Main claim: "X should Y because [reason 1], [reason 2], and [reason 3].

  2. Reason 1: "[Reason 1] [emotional details], [logical details], [evidence]."

  3. Reason 2: "[Reason 2] [emotional details], [logical details], [evidence]."

  4. Reason 3: " [Reason 3] [emotional details], [logical details], [evidence]."

 

I know exactly what you're thinking:

 

"What's the difference between this and the last one?"

 

Let me tell you:

 

The short-form version is essentialy just one part of the long-form version. The long-form version is basically 3 of the short-form versions stacked together, in support of one broader claim.

 

13. Gain-Logic-Fear Trifecta

 

What it is: Structuring a persuasive speech around an audience gain, logical justifications of the gain, and then fear of missing the gain.

 

Why it works: It uses tantalizing benefits to get audience attention. It plays on the "fear of missing out." It combines gain and fear with logic, to seem more reasonable.

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade the audience to do something that will help them. When the thing that the audience gains from also helps you. When your offer expires soon, or there is a time limit.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Present subject: "Here's what I want you to do."

  2. Create gain: "Here are all the benefits you'll gain from doing it."

  3. Justify with logic: "Here's the logical proof of the gain."

  4. Instill fear: "But act fast! The offer expires in 24 hours. Then, you won't be able to gain anything!"

 

FEAR.

 

It is so so SO powerful. People have risen to positions of world leadership...

 

...with fear persuasion. And almost nothing else.

 

ANYWAY:

 

The gain-logic-fear trifecta can convince almost anyone of anything.

 

It is so powerful because of that final step, when you make people fear missing out.

 

Why? Because of loss aversion:

 

People HATE losing things.

 

And when you use this structure, here's what your audience will be thinking:

 

"I would hate to figure out later that I really needed this. I don't want to miss this opportunity to take action now. I'm afraid I'll pass the offer, and then regret it.

 

14. Tension-Desire-Action Trifecta

 

What it is: Structuring a persuasive speech around creating tension in the audience's minds, building desire through tension, and then giving an action to escape tension.

 

Why it works: It uses cognitive dissonance in the audience to get action. It uses aspirational persuasion. It captures attention through tension.

 

When to use it: When your audience has a clear unfilfilled area of improvement. When your audience isn't living in the best way. When you have a solution for the previous 2 problems.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Create tension: "You aren't living your best life. Here's what you want to be. [Insert aspirations]. Do your actions line up with who you want to be? No. You could be better."

  2. Build desire: "Imagine what it would feel like to finally be on the path you want to be on. Imagine how relaxed you would feel."

  3. Propose action: "Here's a way you can be on that path."

 

Here's what this structure is basically doing:

 

Creating cognitive dissonance: "the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change."

 

In other words:

 

You're pointing out the haps between who your audience wants to be, or even thinks they are...

 

...and who they actually are.

 

At this point, because of the tension created by the cognitive dissonance, the desire is huge. They crave a way to close the gap you just pointed out between:

 

  • "Who I want to be or who I think I already am."

  • "Who I actually am."

 

They probably want an easy, quick, simple way to close the gap. And that's exatly what you'll give them in the action step.

 

Very cool! See why this is so powerful now?

 

Time for an even more powerful structure. Are you ready? Here it is:

 

15. Persuasion Stack

 

What it is: Structuring a persuasive speech around Robert Cialdini's 6 proven principles of psychological persuasion.

 

Why it works: It uses proven, scientific methods of persuasion. It uses all 6 of the persuasive principles in sequence. It is flexible.

 

When to use it: When you want to make your audience like you. When you want to use a gentle, subtle form of persuasion. When you want to give a conversational speech.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Use likeability: "I am trying to [insert common goal with your audience]. You guys are [insert compliment]. I also [insert similarity]."

  2. Use reciprocity: "Normally I don't do this, but here's this free report that covers more than I can cover in this speech. People usually pay $60 for it, but it's free for you guys."

  3. Use authority: "Here's why I'm an expert on this subject. Here's why you should trust me. Here are my credentials."

  4. Use consensus: "Not a lot of people used to agree with me. Now, 86% of people do."

  5. Use scarcity: "But time is running out. We have to take action fast, or else we won't be able to."

  6. Use consistency: "Do you all agree with [small claim]? What about [slightly larger claim]? Maybe also [medium claim]? Do you also agree with [large, primary claim]?"

 

Let's break it down a little:

 

People like those who have common goals as them, who compliment them, and who are similar to them. And if your audience likes you, they are more likely to accept your persuasion.

 

You are more likely to persuade your audience if you give them something. Why? They feel the need to reciprocate that action.

 

You are more likely to persuade people if they see you as an authority. This is also psychologically programed.

 

People follow those around them. They look to others to decide how to act. So when you tell them that "86% of people believe this," they are more likely to believe them to. This is consensus.

 

We talked about scarcity already. Remember? The "fear of missing out" in the Tension-Desire-Action structure.

 

Last but not least:

 

If you get people to agree to smaller claims, that "yes momentum" will carry over to larger claims. Why? People want to be consistent with their actions.

 

16. Last-Method

 

What it is: Structuring a persuasive speech around discrediting all other methods, and then presenting one final "remaining" method.

 

Why it works: It waits to propose a solution, which builds trust. It makes your proposal seem like the only possible option. It makes the audience think twice about doing anything other than what you want.

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade your audience to take a specific action. When there are multiple options to choose from. When the other options have problems that your option doesn't have.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Option presentation: "Here's another option we could take."

  2. Option invalidation: "Here's what's wrong with that option."

  3. Repetition: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all other options.

  4. Last method presentation: "Here's the final remaining method."

  5. Last method validation: "Here's why the final method works."

 

Fun stuff, right?

 

Here are some guidelines:

 

  • Don't be too mean to the other options. That makes it seem personal.

  • Try your best to seem objective and logical. This is an objective and logical structure, isn't it?

  • Go through all the other options, if possible. If not? The most popular ones.

  • Don't present your method until you've invalidated all the other options.

  • Try to make your method seem good in the ways that the others are bad. This is contrast persuasion.

 

I love this structure. But, honestly, I like this next one more:

 

17. Past-Present-Future

 

What it is: Structuring a persuasive speech around the past, present, and future. Showing how a solution works not only in the present, but the past and future too.

 

Why it works: It makes your proposed solution seem timeless. It builds belief in your solution. It removes the common objection: "it won't work in the future," and the common objection: "it hasn't worked in the past."

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade your audience to accept a solution. When there is history related to your solution. When the solution will be used for a long time.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Solution presentation: "Here's what we should do."

  2. The past: "Here's how this solution worked in the past, OR here's how this solution would have been better than what was done."

  3. The present: "Here's why this solution is the best right now."

  4. The future: "Here's why this solution will continue to work in the future."

 

Here's what you're basically doing with this:

 

Asserting yourself over 3 dimensions of time.

 

Many speakers make a common mistake:

 

Only speaking in terms of the present. Only answering the question "why does this solution work now?"

 

With this structure, you are answering these 3 questions:

 

  • "Why does this solution work now?"

  • "Has this solution worked in the past?"

  • "Will this solution work in the future?"

 

And here's the truth:

 

If you can conclusively assert your ideas in the past, present, and future, you will be a lot more persuasive.

 

18. Desire-Dissonance-Decision Trifecta

 

What it is: Structuring a persuasive speech around an unfilfilled desire. Showing your audience how they can fill the desire.

 

Why it works: It puts people in a state of cognitive dissonance, and they will do anything to close the gap. It hits the pain points of the audience over and over, and then provides an action to those pain points. It uses emotion, a powerful motivator.

 

When to use it: When you want to persuade your audience to make a certain decision. When your proposed action fills a desire. When your audience has an unfilled desire.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Desire: "Don't you want to [insert desire]?"

  2. Dissonance: "Right now, [insert desire] isn't real. You're missing it."

  3. Decision "Here's what you have to do to fulfill that desire."

 

Alright. Time to answer a million dollar question:

 

What do people want?

 

You need to know this so that you can present the unfulfilled desire.

 

And here's the answer:

 

  1. Survival, enjoyment of life, life extension

  2. Enjoyment of food and beverages

  3. Freedom from fear, pain, and danger

  4. Sexual companionship

  5. Comfortable living conditions

  6. To be superior, winning, keeping up with the Joneses

  7. Care and protection of loved ones

  8. Social approval

 

Those are our core, evolutionary, psychological desires. They are innate. They are wired into us.

 

We also have learned-desires:

 

  1. To be informed

  2. Satisfying curiosity

  3. Cleanliness of body and surroundings

  4. Efficiency

  5. Convenience

  6. Dependability/quality

  7. Expression of beauty and style

  8. Economy/profit 

  9. Bargains

 

And 6 core drivers in our search for meaning:

 

  1. Drive to acquire

  2. Drive to bond

  3. Drive to learn

  4. Drive to defend

  5. Drive to feel

  6. Drive to improve

 

Do you understand the magnitude of what I just gave you?

 

23 proven psychological buttons you can push in your audience to get what you want.

 

You're welcome.

 

That's it! This was the last of 18 proven persuasive speech structures.

 

Before we move on, can I just tell you something?

 

The "public speaking advice" space is saturated with trite, useless advice.

 

You deserve better.

 

It's filled with people pushing hundred dollar coaching packages.

 

I repeat: you deserve better. That's why I'm committed to teaching you everything I know for free, with guides like this.

 

That's all! Thanks for indulging me. Time for 15 insanely captivating informational speech structures.

 

Are you ready? Let's go!

Chapter 3: 16 Insanely Captivating Informational Speech Structures

Have you ever listened to a speaker that has bored you for (what seemed like) hours?

 

It's possible that your audiences feel like that about you.

 

And I don't want that for myself when I'm speaking. I especially don't want that for you.

 

So here are 10 proven informational speech structures...

 

...strategically designed to captivate audiences.

Like the "back-and-forth." I love that one. It's coming up!

Ready? Let's get into it!

 

01. Informational Motivated Sequence

 

What it is: Shortening Monroe’s Motivated Sequence so that each step is 1-2 sentences. Then, putting that before an informational speech to persuade your audience to listen to the information.

 

Why it works: It provides clear, obvious benefits of listening to the speech. It avoids the mistake of forgetting to make the audience care about the information. It guarantees that the audience knows why the information is important.

 

When to use it: When you want to inform, but you aren’t sure if the audience cares about the information. When the benefits of listening to you are not already clear. When you want to guarantee audience interest before informing.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Attention: “Listen, you have a PROBLEM!”

  2. Need: “Here’s why you NEED to solve this problem.”

  3. Satisfaction: “This information will FIX the problem.

  4. Desire: “Here’s how great it will feel to know this.”

  5. Action: “So LISTEN to this!”

  6. Information: Proceed with your informational speech.

 

I love this speech structure.

 

Why?

 

Because it applies Monroe’s Motivated Sequence…

 

...to an informational speech.

 

Quick recap:

 

There are four types of speeches: those to inform, persuade, inspire, and entertain.

 

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is persuasive.

 

The Informational Motivated Sequence is informational.

 

And a simple 3-step process turns Monroe’s Motivated Sequence to an Informational Structure.

 

  1. Squish Monroe’s Motivated Sequence until each step is 1-2 sentences.

  2. Put it in front of an informational speech.

  3. Enjoy these benefits: more interest, attention, and applause.

 

Let me explain:

 

Use Monroe’s Motivated Sequence to persuade the following action:

 

Listening to your information.

 

In other words:

 

Instead of getting right into your information, while your audience is wondering “What does this have to do with me? Why should I care? Why is this information important to me?”

 

First, do this:

 

  • Sentence 1 (Attention): “It’s a problem if you don’t know this information.”

  • Sentence 2 (Need): “If you don’t understand this, you will [insert bad consequence 1], [insert bad consequence 2], [insert bad consequence 3].”

  • Sentence 3 (Satisfaction): “But I can teach you!”

  • Sentence 4 (Visualization): “When you learn this, you will [insert benefit 1], [insert benefit 2], [insert benefit 3].”

  • Sentence 5 (Action): “So if you give me X minutes of your time, I’ll teach you everything about [subject].”

  • It’s that simple. Only then do you get into your information.

 

Why is this useful?

 

Because it makes your audience care. It shows them why they should listen. It guarantees that they don’t see you the same way they saw their stuffy Algebra teacher.

 

Now, it's time for an informational structure that makes you seem sharp as a tack:

 

02. Straight Line

 

What it is: A speech structured around a logical progression of points, from evidence to the main claim. A speech structured as a sequence of logical units that form a straight line of logic.

 

Why it works: It clearly and deliberately breaks down the logic of an argument. It moves through the logic with discipline, and produces a claim from evidence (instead of fitting evidence to a claim). It makes your audience understand your logic, which leads to them accepting your claim.

 

When to use it: When you want to prove a point in the most clear, logical, and undeniable way. When you want to explain a complicated line of logic. When you want to inform your audience why something is true, or something isn’t true.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Evidence presentation: "Here's what we know."

  2. Evidence explanation: "Here's why that evidence is significant. Here's what it really means."

  3. Logical connection: "Here's why it connects to a broader claim."

  4. Main claim presentation: "Here's the main claim. Here's the truth proven by the evidence."

  5. Run wild: Run wild and explain the significance of your claim; of the truth you've discovered. You’ve proven it, but why does it matter? What does it mean? Why should your audience care?

 

If you’re confused (which I totally understand), here’s a basic example:

 

  1. Evidence: “Scientists estimate that storm damage will increase by 89% by 2025 if we don’t solve climate change.”

  2. Explanation of why the evidence is important: “This is important because storms cost a lot of money to repair.”

  3. The connections between the evidence to a main claim: “The money comes from state emergency tax pools. But, if they run out, then states have to raise taxes, or request funds from the federal government. This leads to raised taxes on both the state and federal level. This means that climate change costs a lot of money for people. Over time, it will cost more money not to solve climate change than it will to do something about it. Solving climate change will save billions of dollars over the long run.”

  4. Main claim: “Thus, we should solve climate change.”

  5. Run wild: “Ironically, the opponents of climate-change relief say that it is too expensive to fix. But, turns out fixing it costs less than not fixing it.”

 

The straight-line structure makes you seem:

 

  • Sharp as a tack.

  • Well-researched.

  • Logical.

  • Sophisticated.

  • Direct.

  • Assertive.

 

So why shouldn’t you love it?

 

Think about it:

 

All it really is, is pushing through the muck, and using logic to connect a claim to evidence.

 

Now most people do that anyway…

 

...but here’s the problem:

 

They usually do it inside their minds and nowhere else.

 

This is essentially just taking the mental logical processes that probably already occur in your mind...

 

…and deliberately stating the logic for your audience.

 

You might be wondering...

 

..."isn't this persuasion?"

 

No. Arguments that are purely logical, if the logic is sound, is simply informing.

 

Logical syllogisms, like "A = B, and B = C, so A = C" are not persuasion.

 

In other words:

 

You're informing people why a truth is true.

 

Now let's flip around the straight-line method:

 

03. Reverse Line Method

 

What it is: A speech structured around a logical progression of points, starting with the claim, and then connecting it to evidence.

 

Why it works: It starts with the claim, which provides context for the evidence. It makes the claim when audience attention is highest: at the start. It is still a series of disciplined, logical connections, just in reverse.

 

When to use it: When you want to prove a claim in a bullet-proof way. When you don’t want to wait until the end of the speech to present the claim. When it would seem dishonest to go from evidence to claim, because the audience already knows what you think.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Main claim presentation: "Here's the main claim. Here's the truth that I will prove with evidence."

  2. Logical connection: "Here's why this claim is proven by the evidence."

  3. Evidence presentation: "Here's the exact evidence that proves the claim. Here's what we know."

  4. Evidence explanation: "Here's why that evidence is significant. Here's what it really means."

  5. Run wild: Run wild and explain the significance of your claim; of the truth you've discovered. You’ve proven it, but why does it matter? What does it mean? Why should your audience care?

 

Let’s use the previous example from the “straight-line” approach:

 

  • Main claim: “We should solve climate change.”

  • The connections between the claim to evidence: “Solving climate change will save billions of dollars over the long run. Over time, it will cost more money not to solve climate change than it will to do something about it. Climate change costs a lot of money for people. It leads to raised taxes on both the state and federal level. The money first comes from state emergency tax pools. But, if they run out, then states have to raise taxes, or request funds from the federal government.”

  • Evidence: “Scientists estimate that storm damage will increase by 89% by 2025 if we don’t solve climate change.” 

  • Explanation of why the evidence is important: “This is important because storms cost a lot of money to repair.”

  • Run wild: “Ironically, the opponents of climate-change relief say that it is too expensive to fix. But, turns out fixing it costs less than not fixing it.”

 

Very cool.

 

But, if you aren't a fan of "A = B = C," straight line logic, you'll love this next structure:

 

04. Stream of Consciousness

 

What it is: Speaking in a loose stream of consciousness, structured around a particular story, theme, or idea.

 

Why it works: It is engaging, and strengthens the speaker to audience connection. It requires much less planning than other structures It creates a smooth flow of information if it is executed well.

 

When to use it: When you want to speak in a more informal way. When you feel comfortable allowing your stream of consciousness to run free. When you understand the subject-matter well to speak without structure, or when you are the subject.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Over-arching theme presentation: Present a central story, theme or idea.

  2. Connection presentation: Present how what you're going to be talking about connects to the central story, theme, or idea.

  3. Stream of consciousness: Start speaking.

  4. Connection repetition: As you speak, repeatedly tie what you're saying back to the over-arching theme.

 

Is this even a structure?

 

I debated that for a long time before deciding to put it in this guide.

 

Sometimes the lack of structure is, in a way, a structure.

 

But only if you can do one thing:

 

Consistently connect what you’re talking about to the central theme or idea.

 

For example:

 

Let’s say that you are asked to speak about yourself. Maybe you’re a role model for the audience. Maybe the audience is a room of interns who all want your job someday.

 

So the subject is your life. The theme is the lens through which you talk about yourself.

 

Let's say that your theme is the qualities that led you to success: discipline, honesty, and confidence. 

 

As you’re streaming out stories about your life, repeatedly connect them to that theme. Show how those 3 qualities are a constant thread throughout your entire life.

 

That’s it! Moving on: 

 

05. Montage Structure

 

What it is: A series of stories, events, or examples that are unrelated except for their connection to a central idea.

 

Why it works: It provides rapid-fire novelty, which captivates audiences. It uses engaging narrative, which inherently grabs attention. It presents a subtle claim, and illustrates it, rather than states it.

 

When to use it: When you want to almost guarantee an engaged audience. When you want to use narratives throughout your speech. When you want to illustrate, rather than flat-out state, one big central idea.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Theme presentation: Present your theme, central idea, or core message. Be brief! Don’t elaborate. Just say it.

  2. Montage presentation: Present your stories sequentially. After each story, briefly connect it to the theme.

  3. Montage elaboration: Elaborate on how the theme exists in all of the montage stories.

  4. Theme elaboration: Elaborate on the theme.

 

This structure is so awesome for two reasons:

 

  • Stories are naturally engaging.

  • You illustrate a theme, rather than flat out state it.

 

In other words:

 

When your audience leaves, they'll understand the theme. Why? Because rather than telling them, you illustrated it. That is much more vivid and memorable.

 

This structure is also engineered for novelty. Why? Because the "montage" of the different stories provides rapid-fire information. That too is naturally engaging.

 

Awesome!

 

With this next structure, you'll be a lot clearer and more efficient. Ready? Let's get into it:

 

06. Attached List Structure

 

What it is: A claim followed by a list of supporting evidence, sub-claims, examples, etc. Any complete statement broken down into a list of parts. A list of statements supporting one big idea.

 

Why it works: Because it is efficient, straightforward, and avoids misunderstanding. It minimizes the need for transitions. It uses a clear and memorable list structure.

 

When to use it: When you want to make deliberate, technical points, in a sophisticated way. When clarity is your first priority, over style. When you want to inform about a big idea that can be broken down into points.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Present the main idea: What do all of the informational sub-units fall under? What's the big heading? The main, central principle?

  2. Start listing the sub-units: What are the informational sub-points that express the main idea?

 

Here's why this is great:

 

Your biggest, primary focus with this structure...

 

...is on the information.

 

Here's a great example:

 

  1. Main idea: "The United States Government is designed to create checks and balances between branches."

  2. Informational sub-units: "First form of checks and balances... second... third... fourth... etc."

 

If you're teaching and want to efficiently express a main idea, this is for you.

 

If you want a little more "showmanship," perhaps another structure.

 

If you want to list out points that aren't attached to a central idea, then use this next structure:

 

07. Detached List Structure

 

What it is: A list of thematically related but unlinked claims. A list of information units that don't relate to one bigger idea. A list of information units that are united by quality: "interesting," "funny," "surprising," instead of connected to a central theme.

 

Why it works: It allows you to make multiple claims that don’t support one big idea. It allows you a lot more freedom to choose your information units. It provides fast-paced novelty.

 

When to use it: When you want to make multiple detached points that don’t support one idea. When you have certain pieces of knowledge that are useful, interesting, funny, etc. and you want to teach them. When you want to inform with more freedom.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Present unifying quality: "These are some particularly hilarious pieces of information from my studies of politics."

  2. Unlinked pieces of information: "The first funny moment... the second funny moment... the third funny moment..."

 

This is a fun structure.

 

Compare this previous example of an attached list:

 

  1. Main idea: "The United States Government is designed to create checks and balances between branches."

  2. Informational sub-units: "First form of checks and balances... second... third... fourth... etc."

 

To this:

 

  1. Unifying quality: "These are the 3 most confusing political moments of the 21st century."

  2. Informational sub-units: "The first confusing moment... the second confusing moment... the third confusing moment..."

 

Sticking to our theme of "list" structures, let's get into the next one: the information stack.

 

This information stack will make it INSANELY easy to teach difficult concepts.

 

Are you ready? Let's get into it!

 

08. Information Stack

 

What it is: Structuring your speech in a series of “information units,” starting with the basics, leading to the complex. If possible, presenting one complete concept, idea, process, etc.

 

Why it works: Because it is efficient. Because it guarantees that your audience understands the advanced information. Because it focuses on making your audience experts in one particular subject-area.

 

When to use it: When you are teaching a complex subject to novices. When you want to give your audience a practical, working understanding. When you want the audience to synethesize how all the information fits together.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Promise the outcome: "Today, I'm going to teach you exactly how to do [insert process]."

  2. Present the stack order: "First, you'll learn the basics, like [insert sub-topic]. Then, we'll move into a few expert secrets, such as [insert sub-topic]. After that, you'll learn... etc."

  3. Present the stack items from easy to complex: Start presenting the items in the stack, from the easy to the complex.

 

Let me tell you a secret:

 

Almost all areas of study are like pyramids.

 

In other words:

 

They have a set of basic concepts, which lead to more and more advanced topics up the pyramid.

 

And if you try to start at the top of the pyramid...

 

...it will be MUCH harder to help your audience understand.

 

So here's how the information stack solves that problem:

 

It forms a gentle ladder of understanding.

 

How? By first starting with the basic, easy concepts. And then stacking the advanced concepts on top of the basics.

 

Stacking your information in this way guarantees your audience will understand the advanced concepts.

 

Alright. Enough list structures! Time for a structure that will engage your audience for your entire speech.

 

I call it the "big answer."

 

09. The Big Answer

 

What it is: Structuring your speech around a massive mental open loop. An informational speech that teases a big answer.

 

Why it works: Because it is incredibly suspenseful and captivating. Because it creates curiosity, which grabs attention. Because it creates intrigue.

 

When to use it: When you can work a "central question" into your speech. When you have a "big answer" to the central question. When you are informing an audience.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Present the subject: "Today, we're going to be talking about [insert subject]."

  2. Present the dilemma: "There's a dilemma. There's a problem with [insert subject]."

  3. Present the central question: "The big question nobody can answer is why does [the problem with your subject] keep happening? Why is [insert subject] so broken?"

  4. Tease the big-answer: "I have the big answer to that big question. I'll tell you at the end of the speech."

  5. Inform: This is the bulk of your speech. Inform the audience.

  6. Give the big-answer: "Remember the big question? Well here's the answer: [insert answer]."

 

If you don't know what a mental "open loop" is, then you probably don't see why this structure is so powerful.

 

A mental open loop is created when you present the question. A question demands an answer to close the mental loop. And if you don't close the open loop, people CRAVE to close it.

 

The open loop is strengthened when you tell them that you have the big answer. It's strengthened even more if you tease it, saying things like "it's the most simple, unexpected answer that even experts haven't found."

 

Here's what the open loop does:

 

  • Creates massive curiosity in your audience.

  • Gets you audience attention.

  • Makes your audience sit on the edge of their seats, thinking... "what's the big answer?"

 

And here's how you can strengthen the open loop even further:

 

  • Repeatedly repeat the big question during the speech.

  • Repeatedly tease the big answer during the speech.

 

Here's another insanely attention-grabbing structure:

 

10. Back-and-Forth Structure

 

What it is: Structuring your speech around a back-and-forth debate between two sides.

 

Why it works: Because the back-and-forth structure builds an ongoing open loop: "who is right?" Because presenting both sides of an argument is engaging. Because the audience can decide who they agree with.

 

When to use it: When you are informing an audience about a subject that is divisive. When there are 2 distinct sides in argument about your subject. When you are an objective "teacher" rather than someone on one of the 2 sides.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Subject presentation: "Here's what we're going to be talking about."

  2. Preliminary information: "Here's what you need to know about this subject."

  3. Side presentation: "Here are the 2 sides. Here's how they disagree about this subject."

  4. Side 1 argument presentation: "Here's the first main argument of one side."

  5. Side 2 rebuttal: "Here's how the second side responds."

  6. Side 2 argument presentation: "Here's the first main argument of the second side."

  7. Side 1 rebuttal: "Here's how the first side responds."

  8. Back-and-forth repetition: Repeat the argument presentation and rebuttal steps for as many arguments as you want.

 

Rather than just informing your audience...

 

...you're engaging them in an intellectual debate.

 

This makes them more interested...

 

...helps them remember...

 

...gets them thinking...

 

...and informs them better than just laying out the information would.

 

You're informing through the lens of an engaging argument.

 

Very powerful.

 

An equally engaging (and much easier) structure is number 11.

 

Here it is:

 

11. Chronological

 

What it is: Structuring your informational speech along the lines of a chronological sequence of events. Telling a chronological story.

 

Why it works: Because the structure is straightforward and mirrors the information. Because chronological stories are engaging. Because it is the best way to present a sequence of events.

 

When to use it: When you are informing an audience about history. When you are relaying information about a sequence of events. When your information naturally fits into a chronological structure.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Subject presentation: "Here's what I'm going to teach you about today."

  2. Chronlogical presentation: "First, [insert event]. Then, [insert event]. After that, [insert event] happened. Etc."

 

Simple, but elegant.

 

This structure is great. Why? Because your information is "pre-structured."

 

In other words:

 

This structure is very easy.

 

But only use it when your information is actually a chronology.

 

12. Cause / Effect

 

What it is: Structuring your speech around a prominent cause and effect relationship. Presenting the cause, and then what it causes.

 

Why it works: Because it focuses on the relationship between the 2 things. Because the cause / effect frame helps the audience put the information in context. Because many subjects are split into causes and effects.

 

When to use it: When your information can be split into a set of causes, and a set of effects. When your information is about current events. When you have a specific analysis of the cause / effect relationship.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Present the cause: “Here’s what has been happening.”

  2. Present the effect: “Here’s what this has led to.”

  3. Repeat: Repeat the previous 2 steps for a series of cause / effect relationships related to a subject.

 

If you’re like me…

 

...and a lot of your speeches are analyzing current events…

 

...then this structure is perfect.

 

Why?

 

Because this structure allows you to focus the speech on your own analysis.

 

And if you are an expert on a subject, then that’s exactly what your audience wants.

 

This next structure is so cool. I can’t even explain it now. You’ll see why it’s so cool.

 

Ready? Let’s start!

 

13. Presentation-Escalation-Contrast

 

What it is: Structuring your speech around a response to a common point of view. Structuring your speech around a “reframing” technique. 

 

Why it works: It uses reframing, which can be especially informative. It challenges an intellectual consensus. It responds to another point of view, which is engaging.

 

When to use it: When you are informing about something, and there’s another common opinion that’s wrong. When the information is about the relationship between two things. When you can use frame escalation.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Frame presentation: “Most people say that X [insert relationship] Y.”

  2. Pre-escalation: “However, they’re wrong. They’re wrong because [insert reasons].”

  3. Frame escalation: “Actually, turns out that X [insert different relationship] Y. OR, turns out that Y [insert original relationship X.”

  4. Contrast: “While most people think, [original frame], they’re actually wrong. The truth is that [escalated frame].”

 

Here’s what reframing is:

 

Changing the relationship between 2 subjects. (Actually, it’s more complex. This is basic reframing).

 

For example, here are some logical relationships:

 

  1. X causes Y.

  2. X happens because of Y.

  3. X happens despite Y.

  4. X is necessary for Y.

  5. X is disconnected from Y.

  6. X contradicts Y.

  7. Etc. 

 

And here’s what frame escalation is:

 

  • Zooming out on a common frame and reversing it from a new perspective.

  • Changing the perceived relationship between 2 things.

  • Controlling the narrative and the information.

 

For example:

 

Let’s say most people criticize a public figure. They say X statement contradicts Y statement.


If you disagree, there are a few options:

 

  • Say the contradiction doesn’t matter.

  • Find a way to say it isn’t a contradiction.

  • Etc.

 

But one very good option:

 

Escalating the frame from an “X contradicts Y” statement, to an “X is true because Y” statement.

 

This is so insanely counterintuitive but powerful. The world’s most effective politicians, and the winners of political debates, have been the ones who have used frame escalation.

 

Frame escalation is especially effective if the new frame and the original frame seem to be at odds with one another.

 

There’s presentation, escalation, reassertion, and specification.

 

But that’s a subject for another article.

 

For now, just know that this structure is built around frame escalation.

 

And that makes you seem:

 

  • Analytical.

  • Intelligent.

  • Perceptive.

  • Well-researched.

 

Great! Moving on to an especially entertaining structure:

 

14. Narrative Structure

 

What it is: Structuring your speech around a narrative story. Informing through a story.

 

Why it works: It uses long-form narrative, which captivates audiences. It gets audiences wondering "what comes next?" It builds a speaker to audience connection.

 

When to use it: When you are informing about a philosophical concept, rather than set of facts. When you can illustrate the concept through a story. When you want to "show," not "tell" the concept.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Exposition: "These are the characters and setting."

  2. Rising action: "Here's when the conflict started. Tension stared building."

  3. Climax: "This is what happened in the peak of the conflict."

  4. Falling action: "Here's what happened after the conflict. Things started to relax."

  5. Resolution: "Here's how life was different after the whole thing happened."

  6. Thematic takeaway: "Here's the theme we learn from this story."

Why is this structure so effective?

Because it is naturally captivating. People love stories.

But there's another element to it:

It "shows," and doesn't "tell" a central message.

In other words:

Your audience comes to the thematic takeaway themselves rather than you telling them directly.

So they feel like they truly know it. It becomes part of them. It's a conclusion they've reached themselves.

Our second to last structure is the Demonstrative, a favorite of CEOs around the world:

15. Demonstrative

What it is: Structuring your speech around demonstrating the qualities of a new thing.

 

Why it works: It is a simple template to demonstrate a new innovation. It describes almost everything about a new creation. It inherently contains fast-paced novelty.

 

When to use it: When you are informing about something new. When you want to give people a complete picture of a new innovation. When you are presenting a new product, etc.

The step-by-step process:

  • What it is: "Here's what we created! Check it out!"

  • What it does: "Here's exactly what it does."

  • How it does it: "It does it in this way."

  • Why it's needed: "This is the problem it solves."

  • What it's benefits are: "These are the benefits it has."

  • How it's different: "It's different from older things of the same category in these ways."

  • Proof of concept: "Here's the proof that something of this kind works."

  • Proof of efficacy: "Here's the proof that this specific one works."

  • Cost framing: "It's $3,000 less than the older model."

  • Trust indicators: "It has X positive reviews. You can trust it because [insert trust indicators]."

This one is pretty simple. Just fill in the blanks!

This structure is inherently filled with novelty. (Remember novelty?)

People love fast-paced, new information. This structure will always give new information quickly.

For this structure, make each step seem like a whole new massive reveal.

Now for our final structure coming up next:

16. Informational 3-Point Punch

What it is: Structuring your speech around a main piece of information and 3 supporting examples.

 

Why it works: It is a brief way to teach a complete concept. It uses 3 examples, and you usually don't need more. It can be used for almost any information.

 

When to use it: When you are informing an audience about anything. When you have supporting examples. When you want to inform efficiently.

The step-by-step process:

  1. Main piece of information: Present your "big idea."

  2. Example 1: Present the first example.

  3. Example 2: Present the second example.

  4. Example 3: Present the third example.

Alright.

I love informing audiences.

But I love inspiring them more.

And that's exactly what we'll be talking about now:

Chapter 4: 8 Inspirational Structures Guaranteed to Motivate Audiences

This chapter will teach you exactly how to give speeches that will:

 

  • Excite your audiences.

  • Inspire your audiences.

  • Motivate your audiences.

 

And here's the best part:

 

These structures are guaranteed to inspire your audiences...

 

...if you do them right. And I'll teach you how.

 

For example, the "want-got" structure. This structure can inspire almost any audience.

 

But we'll talk about that later.

 

Are you ready to get into it? Let's start!

 

 

01. Quote Presentation

 

What it is: Structuring a speech around the best quotes from the best experts in a subject area. Usually, the subject area is one of aspiration. The audience wants to be good at it.

 

Why it works: It is an easy structure because the content is already given to you. The quotes from the experts provide authority. The structure is linear and straightforward.

 

When to use it: When you are inspiring an audience. When the audience is particularly interested in a subject area. When you can compile a set of quotes from experts about the subject.

 

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Present subject: "Today, we're going to be talking about [subject area]."

  2. Present structure: "Sure, I'm pretty good at [subject area]. But today, I'm going to bring you the wisdom from the top minds on [subject area]. They have a lot more wisdom than I do!"

  3. Present first expert: "[Insert expert] once said something very important about [subject area]. Here's what you need to know about [insert expert]."

  4. Present quote: "Here's what [insert expert] said."

  5. Present analysis: "Here's what this means."

  6. Repeat steps 3-5: Repeat the previous 3 steps for as many quotes as you want.

 

Let me tell you why you will love this structure:

 

  • You have to do almost no work.

  • You are given instant eloquence.

  • You are guaranteed to be giving valuable inspiration.

 

Just go Google "quotes about [subject]." You are guaranteed to find inspirational quotes you can use. If not, search for "inspirational quotes about [subject]."

 

Select the top 3 most inspirational quotes, and use them with this structure!

 

You'll save HOURS. And you'll INSTANTLY be eloquent because the quotes will always be well-worded.

 

Awesome! Easy! Effective!

 

Next up is a structure proven by the speeches of history:

 

02. Long-Form Anaphora

 

What it is: Structuring an entire speech around the rhetorical device anaphora.

 

Why it works: It uses anaphora, a rhetorical device of repetition that is incredibly eloquent. It has been proven by the inspirational speeches recorded in history. It cements a core message through repetition.

 

When to use it: When you have a clear purpose to inspire your audience towards. When your core message bears repetition. When you want to use a simple repetitive template that you can just fill in.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Anaphora purpose phrase: "We will do [action]..."

  2. Subsequent clause: "...so that we can [result]."

  3. Repetition: Repeat steps 1 and 2 until you have a full-length speech.

 

At this point you're probably very confused.

 

Trust me, I get it.

 

First, let me define anaphora:

 

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

 

When I discovered this inspirational speech structure, I was shocked and confused...

 

...until I found more and more examples throughout history.

 

And then I realized I stumbled across something incredible. Truly incredible.

 

Here are some examples.

 

I've cut out everything unnecessary to our purposes. This allows us to see, plain as day, the long-form anaphora structure:

 

Martin Luther King:

 

  • I have a dream that one day [anaphora purpose phrase] this nation will rise up [subsequent purpose clause]

  • I have a dream that one day [anaphora purpose phrase] on the red hills of Georgia son [subsequent purpose clause]

  • I have a dream that one day [anaphora purpose phrase] even the state of Mississippi [subsequent purpose clause]

  • I have a dream that [anaphora purpose phrase] my four little children will one day [subsequent purpose clause]

  • I have a dream ... I have a dream that [anaphora purpose phrase] one day in Alabama [subsequent purpose clause]

  • I have a dream today ... I have a dream that [anaphora purpose phrase] one day every [subsequent purpose clause]

 

Winston Churchill:

 

  • We shall [anaphora purpose phrase] not [subsequent purpose clause] flag or fail

  • We shall [anaphora purpose phrase] go on [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall fight [anaphora purpose phrase] in France [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall fight [anaphora purpose phrase] on [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall fight [anaphora purpose phrase] with [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall defend [anaphora purpose phrase] this [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall fight [anaphora purpose phrase] on [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall fight [anaphora purpose phrase] on [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall fight [anaphora purpose phrase] in the [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall fight [anaphora purpose phrase] in the [subsequent purpose clause]

  • We shall [anaphora purpose phrase] never surrender [subsequent purpose clause]

 

Bernie Sanders. This example stunned me. It is contemporary, and he moves through 4 different anaphora purpose phrases that dominate his speech.

 

Phase 1:

 

  • We say to the [anaphora purpose phrase] private health insurance companies [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to the [anaphora purpose phrase] pharmaceutical industry [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] WalMart, the fast food industry and other low wage employers [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] corporate America [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] the American people that [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] the parents in this country that [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] our young people that [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] our senior citizens, that [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] Donald Trump and the fossil fuel industry that [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] the prison-industrial-complex that [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] the American people that

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] the top 1 percent and the large profitable corporations in this country – people who have never had it so good — that [subsequent purpose clause]

  • Today, we say to [anaphora purpose phrase] the military-industrial-complex that [subsequent purpose clause]

 

Phase 2:

 

  • I did not come from [anaphora purpose phrase]

  • I did not come from [anaphora purpose phrase]

  • I did not come from [anaphora purpose phrase]

 

Phase 3:

 

  • Together [anaphora purpose phrase], as billionaires and large corporations have

  • Together [anaphora purpose phrase], as the forces of militarism have

  • Together [anaphora purpose phrase], as so many of our young people have

 

Phase 4:

 

  • When we are in the White House, we will [anaphora purpose phrase] enact

  • When we are in the White House we will [anaphora purpose phrase] attack

  • When we are in he White House we will [anaphora purpose phrase] end

  • When we are in he White House, we will [anaphora purpose phrase] move

  • When we are in the White House, we are going to [anaphora purpose phrase] address

  • When we are in the White House, we are going to [anaphora purpose phrase] protect

 

Crazy.

 

Entire speeches...

 

...world-changing speeches...

 

...nation-moving speeches...

 

...have been constructed with this process:

 

  1. Anaphora purpose phrase

  2. Subsequent clause

  3. Repetition of steps 1 and 2

 

Want to see how powerful this structure is?

 

Check it out:

 

  • Both Winston Churchill and Martin Luther King's speeches are referred to by their anaphora purpose phrase.

  • Churchill's is called his "We shall fight speech."

  • MLK's is called his "I have a dream speech."

 

And consider how the anaphora purpose phrase lines up with the actual purpose of the speech:

 

Churchill: his purpose was to inspire the United Kingdom to fight. His anaphora purpose phrase was "we shall fight."

 

MLK:  his purpose was to inspire the African American community and the civil rights movement to dream. His anaphora purpose phrase was "I have a dream."

 

Bernie Sanders: again this one was so stunning. He had multiple purposes:

 

  1. Inspiring people to speak out against power.

  2. Inspiring people to embrace where they came from.

  3. Inspiring people to come together.

  4. Inspiring people to take the White House by voting for him.

 

Now look at his anaphora purpose phrases:

 

  1. "Today, we say to"

  2. "I did not come from"

  3. "Together"

  4. "When we are in the White House"

 

That's why I call it an "anaphora purpose phrase."

 

Anyway...

 

...I'm sure I haven't even scratched the surface. This is just the tip of the iceberg. I can't wait to uncover the whole thing. You'll be the first to find out.

 

Time for the next structure (which probably isn't as cool as this one):

 

03. Want-Got-Empowerment Trifecta

 

What it is: Structuring a speech around presenting a gap between what people want and what they have. Then, inspiring them to close that gap.

 

Why it works: It uses the aspirations of the audience. It creates cognitive dissonance. It makes the "empowerment" actually make sense in the context of the gap.

 

When to use it: When your audience has a clear gap that could be filled. When you want to inspire your audience. When you want to empower them to close the "want-got" gap.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Want presentation: "Here's what you want to have in your life."

  2. Got presentation: "Instead, here's what you actually have. It's not what you want."

  3. Want-got repetitive contrast: Repeatedly jump back and forth, contrasting what they want with what they have.

  4. Empowerment: "But you can get what you want. You have what it takes."

 

I told you in Chapter 1 that there would be a lot of contrast persuasion and aspirational persuasion.

 

This speech structure uses both.

 

A common mistake speakers make when trying to inspire is just doing the empowerment.

 

But the empowerment becomes a lot more useful in the context of a want-got gap.

 

A similar inspirational speech structure is the "problems-present-future" structure. Here it is:

 

04. Current Problems-Future-Empowerment

 

What it is: Structuring a speech around the problems of the present, and then empowering the audience to fix them in the future.

 

Why it works: It contrasts a problematic present with a better future. It puts the empowerment in context. It presents a vision for the future.

 

When to use it: When you want to inspire your audience to work towards a better future. When there are problems in the present that your audience is struggling with. When you want to be a vsionary or a leader.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Current problems: "Here's what's wrong right now."

  2. Future vision: "Here's how the future can look. Here's how it can feel to pass these obstacles."

  3. Empowerment: "You can do it. You can make this difference. You have the power."

 

Simple, but elegant.

 

Here's a tip:

 

It's important to have specific, symmetric contrast.

 

Here's a contrast between present and future that is neither specific nor symmetric:

 

  • Present: "Our business processes are inefficient and frustrating."

  • Future: "We can have better management."

 

Here's why:

 

  • "Business processes" is a vague phrase.

  • "Business processes" and "better management" are not symmetric.

 

In other words:

 

The future must be good in the way that the present is bad.

 

Here's a contrast between present and future that is both specific and symmetric:

 

  • Present: "Our sales processes are inefficient and frustrating."

  • Future: "We can have streamlined, satisfying, rewarding sales processes."

 

In this example, the speaker is pointing out a specific problem in the present. In the future, it is this same specific problem that is fixed.

 

Makes sense?

 

Moving on to number 5:

 

05. Inspirational 3-Point Punch

 

What it is: Structuring a speech around examples of your audience having the qualities they need to do what they want.

 

Why it works: It makes your audience feel like they are capable. It makes your audience confident in their abilities. It builds the speaker to audience connection.

 

When to use it: When you have personal knowledge of your audience. When you know of examples of your audience expressing the necessary qualities. When you want to inspire a specific group of people.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Limited frame presentation: "You might think that you aren't capable of acheiving [goal]."

  2. Goal presentation: "Here's the specific goal you want to achieve. You think you can't."

  3. Qualities presentation "Here are the qualities you need to achieve that goal. You already have these qualities."

  4. Example 1: "Here's the first time you showed me you have these qualities."

  5. Example 2: "Here's the second time you showed me you have these qualities."

  6. Example 3: "Here's the third time you showed me you have these qualities."

 

To summarize this structure:

 

You're basically saying "you have everything you need to do what you want to do."

 

In other words:

 

You're taking a goal your audience thought was unreachable, and putting it within reach.

 

How?

 

By showing them extremely specific examples that prove how they already have what it takes.

 

Very cool. It removes a limiting belief.

 

This next structure is completely geared towards removing limiting beliefs.

 

Here it is:

 

06. Limiting Belief Prediction

 

What it is: Structuring a speech around addressing and removing your audience's limiting beliefs.

 

Why it works: It makes your audience realize their own potential. It destroys their excuses. It gets rid of all their barries to motivation.

 

When to use it: When you have a solid understanding of your audience's limiting beliefs. When you want to inspire people to do something difficult. When people have lots of excuses why they won't do it.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Present limiting belief or excuse: "You say you can't do it because [insert limiting belief or excuse]."

  2. Invalidate limiting belief or excuse: "Here's why that limiting belief makes no sense."

  3. Repetition: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all limiting beliefs your audience has.

  4. Enumeration: "Clearly all of your excuses are invalid."

  5. Empowerment: "There's nothing holding you back. The reasons you tell yourself don't apply. You can do this."

 

You're systematically and repetitively invalidating your audience's limiting beliefs.

 

In other words:

 

You're calling out their bullshit.

 

Which is often exactly what people need to be inspired.

 

Want to be a leader? A visionary? This next structure will teach you exactly how.

 

07. Visionary Structure

 

What it is: Structuring a speech around a bright vision of the future.

 

Why it works: It motivates people to strive towards that vision. It makes you a leader. It gives people a goal, and your audience can't be motivated or inspired without a goal.

 

When to use it: When you have a bright, ambitious vision for the future. When you know your audience would love your vision. When you want to inspire your audience to strive toward your vision.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Empowerment: "You are all brilliant, capable people. You all have what it takes to go after your goals."

  2. Accomplishment enumeration: "Look at all the amazing things you've already achieved. [Insert accomplishment 1], [insert accomplishment 2], [insert accomplishment 3]."

  3. Pre-accomplishment recall: "Remember how we felt before those accomplishments? We thought we couldn't do it. But we kept working towards it, and we did it."

  4. Vision: "And now, we're turning  to a new goal. [Insert your vision]."

  5. Empowerment: "We have everything it takes to go after this vision and get it."

  6. Accomplishment string: "Just like we achieved [insert accomplishment 1], [insert accomplishment 2], and [insert accomplishment 3], we will also achieve [insert your vision]."

 

I love this speech structure.

 

It's basically guaranteed to move your audience towards your vision.

 

Why?

 

Because it doesn't just lay out your vision, leaving people wondering...

 

..."how the hell are we going to do it"?

 

Instead, it makes the vision seem believable.

 

Here's how:

 

  • It empowers.

  • It uses previous accomplishments to prove the empowerment.

  • It uses the now proven empowerment to inspire the audience to move towards the vision.

 

Very cool.

 

And lastly:

 

08. Drama Structure

 

What it is: Structuring a speech around an inspirational story.

 

Why it works: It enthralls people. It uses narrative that is naturally engaging. It helps people draw inspiration from another person's story.

 

When to use it: When you want to inspire an audience. When you have an inspirational story related to the subject. When you have a personal background that is inspirational.

 

The step-by-step process:

 

  1. Exposition: "These are the characters and setting."

  2. Problem: "This the immense problem and the impassable obstacle the character faced."

  3. False-starts: "This is the series of failed attempts to solve the problem the character went through."

  4. Low-point: "This is the low point the character reached, when he was about to give up for good."

  5. Rising action: "Instead of giving up, he decides to try one more solution."

  6. Climax: "This was the crucial breaking point. This was when the solution either worked or failed. It worked."

  7. Falling action: "Here's what happened after the climax. Things started to relax."

  8. Resolution: "Here's how life was different after the whole thing happened."

  9. Inspirational takeaway: "Here are the inspirational lessones we an take from this story."

 

The inspirational stories that dominate history all follow this pattern.

 

Blockbuster inspirational movies that hit the top of the charts follow this pattern.

 

Why shouldn't an inspirational speech follow this pattern too?

 

Alright. We're done!

 

42 speech structures.

 

There you have them!

 

These are 42 structures that are guaranteed to:

 

  • Captivate audiences.

  • Fulfill the purpose of your speech.

  • Act as easy templates that you can fill in.

  • Make you a significantly better public speaker.

 

Well, we're not quite done. We have 5 expert techniques coming up next. Then, I have some free gifts to offer you (exclusive bonuses for finishing a long article).

 

I call these expert techniques because all public speaking experts should know them (even though most don't).

 

Are you ready? Let's move on to chapter 5:

This section will teach you proven speech-structure techniques that are:

 

  • Advanced

  • Powerful

  • Persuasive

 

Here's the best part:

Even professional public speakers don't know these advanced techniques.

But you will.

For example:

Never once have I heard a professional speaking coach talk about "combined structures," or "not burying the lead."

Are you ready? Let's start!

Chapter 5: 5 Advanced Speech-Structure Techniques (That Most Pros Don't Know)

 

01. Don't Bury the Lead (Or Do Bury It...)

 

Have you noticed that news reports immediately start with the main events? The big ideas? The primary news?

 

That's called starting with the lead.

 

Why am I talking about journalism?

 

I'll explain.

 

The whole point of speech structure is breaking down your speech into units and ordering them to achieve a desired impact.

 

You're with me so far, right?

 

Each of these "sub-units" have one main idea. You can usually summarize it in one sentence.

 

This one sentence is the "lead."

 

It's a one-sentence summary of the entire "sub-unit," which is usually a paragraph.

 

And there are two strategies:

 

You can not bury the lead. You can start each sub-unit with the lead.

 

Here's what that does:

 

  • Grabs attention.

  • Puts the rest of the paragraph in context.

  • Primes the audience for the rest of the information.

  • Gives the main information when audience attention is at the highest.

 

So "don't bury the lead." Or, maybe...

 

...do bury the lead.

 

Because if you put the lead at the end of a sub-unit, here's what that does:

 

  • Makes the lead seem like a natural conclusion of what came before it.

  • Gradually builds up to the lead: the lead emerges from the information.

  • Creates curiosity and suspense throughout the sub-unit.

  • Acts as a closing summary.

 

02. Versatility

 

All of these structures can be used in multiple ways.

 

And that's important to know.

 

You can adapt them for different purposes. You can morph them to completely new purposes.

 

This is good to know, but not nearly as imporant as the next 2 techniques:

 

03. Lengthening and Shortening

 

This (and the next expert technique) are the 2 most powerful techniques, especially when used together.

 

Get this:

 

Each of these structures act as an accordian. They can be lengthened or shortened.

 

For example:

 

The problem-solution structure can be 2 sentences.

 

Sentence 1 presents a problem, Sentence 2 presents the solution.

 

And that's crazy.

 

The gain, logic, fear trifecta can be shortened to 3 sentences.

 

Sentence 1 presents a gain, Sentence 2 justifies it with logic, and Sentence 3 creates a fear of losing it.

 

But that's just another example.


So here's the big secret:

 

While all of these speech structures are designed to be entire speeches...

 

...they can all be shortened until each step of the structure is one sentence.

 

In other words:

 

You can use a problem-solution structure that is an entire speech. You can use 20 sentences to describe the problem, and 20 sentences to describe the solution.

 

But you can also make a problem-solution structure that is 2 sentences and has the same impact on a smaller scale.

 

Wonderful.

 

And that leads us to our next expert technique:

 

04. Combining

 

You can use all 43 of these structures...

 

...in a single speech.

 

Stretched out to full length, each of the structures is an entire speech.

 

Condensed, you can basically use all 43 of these structures in a  single speech.

 

Now I don't recommend that you do that.

 

Why?

 

That might be a little much.

 

HOWEVER:

 

I do recommend you create a speech that is a combined amalgamation of some of these structures.

 

Especially if you want to inspire, inform, and persuade all in one speech (which most of us usually do).

 

Just know this:

 

Because all of these structures have the same effect on a smaller scale when each step is just 1 sentence as they do when they are full-length...

 

...you can create incredibly complex, powerful combinations of these structures.

 

Just a quick example:

 

  1. A 3 sentence Past-Present-Means to build curiosity.

  2. A 3 sentence Diagnose-Problem-Solution structure, addressing the problem presented in the "past" stage of the previous structure.

  3. An objection prediction where each objection gets 1 sentence. This structure addresses the objections to the solution presented in the Diagnose-Problem-Solution structure.

  4. Lastly, a tension-desire-action trifecta (3 sentences, 1 sentence each step) to use emotional hot buttons for a final call to action.

 

See what I mean?

 

I've given you 43 building blocks.

 

The kinds of speeches you can build with them are endless.

 

You can write a speech that's just a sequence of all 18 persuasive structures.

 

First of all, the speech is then basically written for you (just go look at the step-by-step processes).

 

Second of all, the persuasive punch you get from that is huge.

 

Two final bonus techniques:

 

05. Separation of Concerns

 

I predict that a lot of people will make the same mistake:

 

Blending the different stages of the structures.

 

Here's why that's bad:

 

Each step is designed to have a purpose, which makes sense in the sequence of steps that come before and after.

 

So when you blend them:

 

  • You blur the clarity of your message.

  • You confuse your audience (and yourself).

  • You neuter the impact of the structure.

 

Here's an example:

 

Let's say you're using the "Past-Present-Means" persuasive structure.

 

Each step has a distinct purpose. If you blur them together that purpose is lost.

 

The whole point of the past and present steps is to create suspense and curiosity for the means that took you from the difficult past to the successful present.

 

In other words:

 

The "Past-Present-Means" structure will dirve your speech to success with an engine of curiosity and suspense.

 

But if you blend the steps (even a little) and reveal the means before it's time, you completely lose the suspense and curiosity.

 

So the whole thing becomes useless.

 

Enter the solution:

 

Separation of concerns.

 

Which basically means:

 

  • Each step of a speech structure should be distinct.

  • Each step of a speech structure should be easily distinguishable from the others.

  • Each step of a speech structure should fulfill its individual purpose before trying to do anything else.

  • Each step of a speech structure should fulfill its own purpose, and not the purpose designed for another step.

 

In other words:

 

There's a place for everything, and everything should be in its place.

 

Chapter 6: My Gifts to You! (Free Exclusive Bonuses)

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